BeZhare: Know Substitution Year In Japan

By the turn of the year, in general the Japanese began to busy with various events. BeZhare want to share about Japanese New Year to likened with 'holiday' annual. Some agenda began writing, be it within the scope of the work environment, family or individual.

One of the traditions or customs that held a few companies or associations of organizations in Japan which was held around the end of December, before the yearbook cover. The meaning of the terminology seen from the kanji written, "bonenkai" has the meaning: Party / collection to forget the years (old).

To succeed in this bonenkai event, usually one person will be appointed as 'Kanji' who served as coordinator, coordinate events, make reservations and contact the people who will participate in the event.
Activities of people who will 'go home' began to be seen passing around the station or congested city roads by vehicles queuing to be going home.
See here for more..

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BeZhare: Yukata Typical Japanese Clothing

One typical clothing Yukata Japanese society is, let BeZhare know more about the clothes.

Yukata (浴衣) is a type of non-formal Japanese kimono made from thin cotton fabric without coating. Yukata term literally means: clothes after a bath. Used for casual occasions in summer (Natsu).
The term of this Yukata born since around the time of Azuchi-Momoyama. Starting from the clothes worn after the bath, called Yukatabira. In the Edo period, Yukatabira become very popular among the people and the name was shortened to just Yukata. In ancient times, wearing Yukata to meet other people is considered very rude, considering that only Yukata function as sleepwear.

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BeZhare: Those Who Don't Know Who Machiko Hasegawa is

For those not familiar as the name Hasegawa Machiko may be wondering, who is she? Here BeZhare give you know.

It is the first Japanese female Manga writer who lives in the 1920 ~ 1992. One of Hasegawa's famous and much-loved by the people of Japan are Mangaka "Sazae-san."

Sazae-san picture story, first published in the Asahi Shinbun media. By targeting a story that describes life as a wife Sazae hilarious, this story became popular among Japanese people. It is a manga with the broadcast rising long enough ie 25 years. This story is getting popular when I started aired in the form of glass screen by NHK around 1969.

Sample of Her Manga

At first, manga Sazae-san in less than public acclaim. Because the visits are less attractive packaging. After two times through the changes in print, this comic finally starts to peep. The original manga Sazae length, changed into a pocket-sized form of the book is easy to carry anywhere.

1st Debut Manga from Her

Sazae figure created when Hasegawa was walking along the beach. No wonder if the names that appear in this comic ¨ C especially in the family Sazae-san - always connected with the sea. For instance, the father named Namihei, fune mother, husband Matsuo, younger brother Katsuo, cool women Wakame and son Tarao.

Age 72 years, Hasegawa who remain single until the end of his life, last breath of a heart attack. As a token of his love of all time by the public, giving the Japanese Goverment Awards "Kokumin Eiyoushou." Such awards star, symbol of state pride.

There is a horrendous incident after he died. That is theft pochi containing ashes and bones from the tomb Hasegawa. The thief demanded a ransom money in large quantities in the family. After tracking of the thief, Hasegawa ash is found in one area of Shibuya coin locker. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare from source of Wikipedia to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: Origin of Samurai History

Surely you are familiar with the name of the Samurai, the Samurai is a weapon unique to Japan which was in use for warfare in the days of yore and is a symbol of Japanese society itself.
To know more history about the Samurai, it helps you read the article below that BeZhare write it, which may increase your knowledge.

The term Samurai (侍), was originally referred to "a person who served the nobility." In the Nara era (710-784), the term is pronounced and then became Saburai saburau. In addition there is also another term that refers to the bushi samurai. The term bushi (武士) meaning "one who is armed / military people", first appeared in the Shoku Nihongi (続 日本 纪), on the note was written "in general, the people and the warriors (bushi) is a state treasure." Then the next term and bushi samurai became synonymous in the late 12th century (Kamakura period). In the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573 - 1600) and early Edo period (1603), the term Saburai turned into a samurai who later changed meaning to "those who serve."

Samurai

- Samurai History
In the military historical records in Japan, there is data that describes that the Nara era (710-784), Japanese military forces following the existing models in China by imposing mandatory militer9 and under the direct command of the Emperor. The regulation imposed is every adult male both from the farmers and nobles, except slaves, are required to attend military service. The material is very heavy regulation, because the representatives or the military should equip themselves so much to give up material and does not comply with these regulations. In addition, also at that time the farmers were also burdened taxpayers heavy enough so that they escape from this obligation. Forces are then formed from the draft is known as sakimori (防 人), which literally means "defender", but the army has nothing to do with samurai who is on the next day.

After 794 years, when the capital moved from Nara to Heian (Kyoto), the nobility enjoyed during the past 150 years of prosperity under the reign of the emperor. However, local governments established by the central government put pressure on the majority of the population are farmers. A very heavy tax raises rebellion in these areas, and require small farmers to join the landlords who have influence to obtain a larger income. Due to the unsafe state of the country, looting against landlords ensued both in the region and in the capital that forced the owners shoen (private property), arming families and farmers. These conditions which gave birth to the military class known as samurai.

Toryo Group (warlord) under the leadership of Taira and Minamoto families emerged as a winner in Japan, the West and East, but they each other for power. The central government, in this case the Fujiwara family, unable to cope with this polarization, which resulted in termination of power of the nobility.

Emperor Gonjo known anti-Fujiwara, held a power struggle and concentrate political power of the o-tera, known as insei Seiji. Emperor Shirakawa, emperor replace Gonjo finally made the o-tera as a political headquarters. The wily, he took advantage o-tera as a function of religious and political functions.

Army guards o-tera, souhei (僧 兵) ever he forms, including a donation of land (shoen) on o-tera. Was complete o-tera qualify as "state" in the country. As a result, anti-government groups o emperor who held the resistance-tera by utilizing the Taira and Minamoto groups that are fighting.

2 type of Samurai

Taira and Minamoto involvement in this dispute background on the unrest that occurred in court concerning the seizure of the throne, between the Fujiwara and the emperor's pro and KOTRA against o-tera. The war between the Minamoto, who sided with o-tera against the Taira, who sided with the court, appearing in two big battles which Hogen War (1156) and the Heiji War (1159).
The battle finally won by the Taira that marks a major change in the structure of political power. For the first time, the samurai emerged as a political force in the palace.

Taira also appoint himself as kuge (公家 - royal kingdom), as well as strengthen its position samurai. Most of his family given the important position and was crowned as royalty.

Taira family pride eventually led to a high-level political conspiracy between the Minamoto family (which has the support of the aristocracy) to the emperor Shirakawa, which eventually led the Minamoto family founded the first military government in Kamakura (Kamakura Bakufu; from 1192 to 1333).

When Minamoto Yoritomo died in 1199, power was taken over by the Hojo family who are followers of Taira. During the leadership of the Hojo family (1199 -1336), the teachings of Zen in and developed among the samurai. The samurai express Zen as a philosophy and guide their lives.

In 1274, the Mongols came to attack Japan. The samurai who are not accustomed to fighting in groups with an effort to anticipate the attacks of the Mongols. To anticipate the attacks of the Mongols of the second (1281), the samurai build defensive walls in Hakata bay (beach landings Mongolian nation) and adopt the tactics of attack tonight. Overall, a tactic to fight the samurai was not able to provide a means for the destruction of the Mongol army, which uses large-scale siege tactics, fast motion, and use new weapons (with the use of gunpowder). In the end, wind topanlah which destroyed the Mongol fleet, and prevent the Mongols to occupy Japan. The Japanese call it kamikaze wind (wind god).

Two things are gained from the invasion of the Mongols is the importance of mobilization of troops on a large scale infantry, cavalry and weaknesses of the bow in the face of an attacker. As a result, samurai gradually replace the bow-arrow with a "sword" as the main weapon of the samurai. At the beginning of the 14th century, swords and spears became the main weapon among warlords.

Samurai Warrior

In the Muromachi period (1392 - 1573), stained with the Kyoto palace splitting into two, namely the North Palace in Kyoto and the South Palace in Nara. Over 60 years of bitter dispute between the North Palace against the South Palace (nambokuchō tairitsu).

This contradiction gives the impact of the stronger position of the farmers and local landowners (Shugo daimyo) and the weakness of the Ashikaga shogunate in central government. At this time, Ashikaga can not control the local daimyo. They reinforce each other's position and power in their respective territories.

Each Han13 as if bound in a small states threaten each other. This situation gave birth to the long crisis in the form of war between local landlords or Sengoku jidai (1568-1600). But this long crisis is really a crystallization screening or national unifying figure, the figure who could subjugate local landlords, as well as unite Japan as a "national state" under a strong central government. These figures are General Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Nobunaga Oda, a descendant of the daimyo of Owari region and an expert on military strategy, begin to destroy their enemies by means mastering Kinai region, ie Osaka as a commercial center, Kobe as a gateway of trade with foreign countries, Nara which is the "rice granary", and Kyoto is the center of the Muromachi Bakufu government and the imperial court.

The most important strategy is Oda Nobunaga engaged with the involvement of religion to achieve his ambition. Portuguese traders who brought the Christian religion, was given the freedom to spread the religion throughout Japan. Oda strategic objective in this case is that he is freely able to obtain firearms are bought and sold in a Portuguese trading ships, as well as monopolize trade with foreign parties. With the possession of firearms (the most sophisticated in those days), Oda will be able to subdue its enemies more quickly and maintain the territory that they have learned and formed a solid central government.

Oda Nobubunaga Azuchi Momoyama castle built in 1573 after successfully dropping the Muromachi Bakufu. Oda Strategy by protecting the Christian religion brought heartache for Buddhists. In the end, he was murdered by his own followers, Akechi Mitsuhide, a Buddhist fanatic, in 1582 in Honnoji, before he managed to unify all of Japan.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who is a loyal follower Oda, continue the unification of Japan, and its task is completed in 1590 by conquering the Hojo family in Odawara and family in Kyushu Shimaru three years earlier.

There are two important rules issued by Toyotomi: taiko kenchi (land ownership regulations) and garirei katana (sword disarmament regulations) for farmers. Both these regulations are strategically intended to "control" the wealth of the landlords and the control of the farmers not to engage in armed resistance or rebellion.

The success of Toyotomi conquer all landlords to bring its own problems. The spirit to win the war with forces that are not channeled energy to bring the internal threats that lead to the disintegration of military families who are not satisfied with the victory Toyotomi. In this the Toyotomi channel these powerful forces to invade Korea in 1592 and 1597. Unfortunately this attack failed and Toyotomi's death in 1598, marks the beginning of the destruction of the Muromachi bakufu.

The tendency of subordinates to their superiors have behavior that is known gekokujō has emerged when Toyotomi Korean attack. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu began to strengthen its position in eastern Japan, especially in Edo (Tokyo). This crisis sparked a major war between the groups who sided with Toyotomi daimyo daimyo sided against the Tokugawa at Sekigahara battlefield in 1600. The victory was in hand after another with the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu in Edo in 1603.

- Samurai in Edo era
Samurai in the Edo period that obligation to serve the feudal landlords each with two ways. First, run the task of soldiering in peacetime, the daimyo castle keep, guard daimyo when he went to Edo and back from Edo16, and provide troops that can use the daimyo to maintain their land.

However, after successfully realize the order in Tokugawa Japan in the 17th century, the samurai were mostly administrative duties, in this case is the financial administration such as raising revenues in the form of rice or cash to pay allowances, home care official in Edo, and pay cost of travel to Edo every year.

Because the samurai no longer be relied upon to fight, shogun and daimyo did not want to eliminate the value of loyalty and courage samurai, but fighting and revenge from generation to generation, often occurs and merupakanbagian of samurai life that do not fit in a safe and peaceful society was being erected. Bakufu then take firm action against perpetrators of fights and prohibits retaliation. To push for the samurai willing to accept change, then the benefits provided. In the 18th century, officials receive additional allowances to supplement salaries. Good work becomes a consideration for a promotion, which opens the possibility for increased office.

In addition, moral education, ethics, and general knowledge began to be introduced. Until then most of the samurai, especially high-ranking samurai getting an education on an individual basis. Education, among others, knowledge of ethics in addition to using the weapon skill, following knowledge of reading and writing. The role of bureaucracy in life has become the norm, the bosses want the values ​​of more than a samurai. As the nobility in the Nara and Heian era, they must have a moral attitude that "true" if they want to get a role in government. Especially need to understand the teachings of Confucius classics, therefore bakufu and the daimyo began to establish education places where these things can be learned. There are fifteen places of education which was established in 1700. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare from source of Japanese Samurai to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: Anime Importance and Meaning of it

We already know and learn what it is Manga and Cosplay but there's another one that can not be separated from these two things, are Anime.
Because Anime without Manga feels incomplete when you already know more about it.
Anime (アニメ) is typical of Japanese animation, which is usually characterized through pictures featuring colorful characters in a variety of locations and stories, aimed at a variety of audiences. Anime influenced style of drawing manga, comic typical Japanese.

The word Anime appear in written form in three katakana characters a, ni, me (アニメ) which is the absorption of the English language "Animation" and pronounced as "Anime-Shon".

1st Anime Astro Boy by Tezuka's Ozamu Sensei

The first Anime achieve widespread popularity is Tezuka's Ozamu Sensei with "Astro Boy" work in 1963. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: What is Cosplay and Story Behind it

Besides Manga here you might also want to know what Cosplay (Costume Play) which is used by people especially in Japan there is always identical with the figures of Manga, Anime, and Gaming.

Cosplay (コス プレ, kosupure) derived from the word "costume" and "roleplay", which means a hobby to dress up and play a character similar to anime, manga, video games, Jrock, Jpop.
But some circles have developed a sense cosplay costume for games of any kind. Making regular cosplay term given to the November from Studio Hard Takahashi when she visited the show sci-fi Worldcon in Los Angeles in 1984. Someone who is called cosplay cosplayer.

Cosplay himself born in the Worldcon. In 1939 at the first Worldcon, Forrest J. Ackerman wearing clothes that he calls "futuristicostume" which was designed and created by Myrtle R. Douglas. That sparked the game costume as an integral part of the Worldcon. November Takahashi saw nearly 50 years later and took it home to Japan, he was so impressed by the costumes and backgrounds made ​​by other visitors until he continued to discuss and report on returning to Japan.

Cosplay Girl Look Similar as the Chara

The fans and non-cosplay cosplayer cosplayer including already spread all over the world, namely America, China, Europe, Philippines, and Indonesia itself. On the Internet community Cosplay can be found at various sites with such widespread topics that discuss Cosplay.com Cosplay in outline, as well as site specific topic such as place AnimeTwin.com "value and show off photos of " the cosplayer in the world. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: Manga the Meaning and Definition

We may have also not yet know whether the meanings of the manga and why it should be called manga and not called a comic?
Now we will learn the meaning of the word manga itself is a special term for Japanese comics.

- Manga (漫画) is a word in Japanese comics; outside of Japan, the word is used specifically to talk about Japanese comics.
- And Mangaka (漫画家) is the person who drew the manga.

* The Different Manga and Comics
The fundamental difference between manga and comics as is the distinction grouping, where the manga is more focused on Japanese comics (sometimes also including Asia), and more to the comics made in Europe / West.

* Manga in Japan
Manga magazines in Japan are usually composed of several comic titles, each of which fills about 30-40 journal pages (one chapter). The magazines are themselves typically have a thickness ranging between 200 to 850 pages.
If successful, a manga titles can be published through the years.

After a while, the stories of the magazine will be collected and printed in the form of regular-sized book, called tankōbon (or sometimes known as terms of volume).
Comics in this form are usually printed on high quality paper and is useful for people who do not or lazy to buy manga magazines are published weekly which has a diverse mix of stories / title.

From this tankōbon manga form is usually translated into other languages ​​in other countries such as Indonesia.

    - Manga specifically intended for men called Shonen.
    - While that for women called Shoujo.

Two of the largest manga publishers in Japan are Shogakukan (小学 馆) and Shueisha (集 英 社)

* Drawing style
Average mangaka in Japan using styles / simple style of drawing manga. However, the image background, almost all manga is drawn as realistic as possible, even if the character image is really simple. The mangaka simple drawing particularly on the face, with characteristic large eyes, small mouth and nose pinch.
There is also a style of drawing and Shotacon Lolicon.

Manga Style

Not all manga is described simply. Some mangaka uses a realistic style, although in some elements can still be categorized as manga. As an example Vagabond, Takehiko Inoue's work that highlight the use of shading, proportion and balance settings realistis. Still, Vagabond manga categorized by style depiction of the eye, as well as some parts are simple.
Manga is also commonly drawn in monochrome and gradation commonly called tone.

For long-term comic or who have hundreds of volumes, generally in line with the development time, the mangaka will experience considerable change significant. Like scratches are common in Indonesia may work by Hojo Tsukasa that of Cat Eyes turned as the City Hunter. Or other works Ah! My Goddess, which began in 1988 and until now still continuing. One Piece and Naruto was quite changed when compared to the scratch volume initial volume.
* Doujinshi
Doujinshi is a term for manga created by fans of manga, which has a storyline or a different ending from the original manga. The fans are used to distribute it from hand to hand, is sold in stores doujinshi indie, or follow the usual convention grand doujinshi called Comiket. Here doujinshi sold thousands of titles each year. Visitors can reach 400,000 people.

Doujinshi itself sometimes be a stepping stone someone / group to become a mangaka. Ken Akamatsu (Love Hina, Negima) is also often make dojin his own work. Themed h[e]ntai manga dojin usually is of a certain well-known manga. Usually the manga characters are indeed designed to be a "target" of the dojin-ka (call for policy-makers dojin, together are like the manga-ka).

* Types of manga
Many of these species also applies to Japanese anime and computer games.
- Based on the type of reader:
    * Kodomo (子 供) - for the children.
    * Josei (女性) (or redikomi) - female.
    * Seinen (青年) - male.
    * Shojo (少女) - adolescent girls.
    * Shōnen (少年) - teenage boys.
- Categories pornographic manga:
Commonly called "h[e]ntai" (変 态) in English, although the term ecchi (H) is more appropriate.

    * Softcore:
          o Lolicon (young women)
          o Shota-con (young male)
          o yaoi (gay)
          o yuri (lesbian)
    * H[a]rdcore:
          Guro o-ero (erotic-Grotesque)
          o futanari (hermaphrodite)
          o kemono (half-human animals)

Maybe just this hour my explanation about the manga and hopefully can add to your knowledge. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: West Borneo History

West Kalimantan [West Borneo] is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Borneo and the capital is Pontianak.
The total area of  West Kalimantan Province is 146,807 km ² (7.53% area of  Indonesia).
It is the fourth largest province after Papua, East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan.
West Kalimantan is one area that can be called the province of "A Thousand Rivers". The nickname is in line with the geographical conditions that have hundreds of large and small rivers which can and often navigable.
Several large rivers is still a pulse and the main route for inland transportation, although the road infrastructure has been able to reach most of the district.
Although a small region of West Kalimantan is the ocean waters, but the West has dozens of large and small islands (most uninhabited) are scattered throughout the Karimata Strait and Natuna Sea bordering the region of Riau Islands Province.

- Total population: 
In the province of West Kalimantan, according to the census of 2004 amounted to 4,073,304 people (1.85% of Indonesia's population).

- History: 
According to kakawin Nagarakretagama (1365), West Kalimantan, Majapahit conquered, even since the time of the call Singhasari Bakulapura. According to the Hikayat Banjar (1663), the country Sambas, Sukadana and countries in Batang Lawai (ancient name of the Kapuas River) had been conquered since the days of the Hindu kingdom of Banjar. Since October 1, 1609, became the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sambas, the Dutch VOC. October 20, 1756 per the agreement the Dutch East India Company will assist the Sultan of Banjar Tamjidullah I to re-conquer the areas that separate them Sanggau, Sintang and Lawai (District Melawi).
By deed dated March 26, 1778 Hedgehogs and Sukadana country submitted to the Dutch East India Company by the Sultan of Banten. These are areas that originally belonged to the Dutch East India Company in addition to the protectorate of Sambas. In the same year Prince Abdurrahman Sharif Alkadrie sanctioned Dutch East India Company as the first Sultan of Pontianak in Dutch-owned territory.
In 1789 the Sultan of Pontianak Fang Lan Corp. assisted the Dutch East India Company was ordered to occupy the country Mempawah. On May 4, 1826 Sultan of Banjar handed Adam Barley, Sintang and Lawai (Melawi District) to the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. In 1855, the country Sambas entered into the Dutch East Indies becoming Residency of Sambas. In the reign of the Dutch East Indies by the Governor-General as published in STB No. 1938. 352, among others, regulate and establish the administrative capital of the region based in Banjarmasin Borneo
Gouvernement divided into 2 Residentir, one of them is Residentie Westerafdeeling Van Borneo with capital of Pontianak, led by a resident. On January 1, 1957 WK officially became an independent province on Borneo island, on the basis of Act No. 25 of 1956 dated 7 December 1956. The law has also been the basis for the establishment of two other provinces in the archipelago's largest island.
Both provinces are in South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.

- Natural conditions: 
The climate in West Kalimantan, wet tropical climates, rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year with peak rainfall occurs in January and October temperatures average between 26.0 s / d 27.0 and the average humidity of between between 80% s / d 90%.

- Ethnicity: 
West Region is inhabited by the Indigenous Dayak and other immigrants from Sumatra and urban people of China and other parts of Indonesia. Large Dominant Ethnic Groups of the Dayaks, Malays and Chinese, whose numbers exceed 90% of the population of West Kalimantan. In addition, there are also other tribes, such as Bugis, Javanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, Sundanese, Batak and others whose numbers below 10%.

- Regional Language:
Indonesian (Malay) is the language generally used by people in West Kalimantan.
Also connecting language, namely Malay Pontianak, Sambas Malay and Bahasa Senganan by region spreading. Likewise, there are various types of language Dayak, according to research there are 188 dialects Institute Dayakologi spoken by ethnic Dayak and Chinese languages ??such as Tiochiu and Khek / Hakka. Dialect in the language of the Dayak tribe masksudkan against this is so much resemblance to the Malay language, only the most different at the end of words such as eat (Malay), makatn (Kanayatn), wearing (Iban) and makot (Melahui).
Especially for clumps Uut Danum, the language is virtually stands alone and is not a dialect of the other Dayak groups. Dialect actually exist in some sub tribe Dayak Uut Danum own. As in the language of the sub tribe Dohoi for example, to say eat it consists of at least 16 vocabulary words, ranging from the most subtle to the most rugged.

For example, ngolasut (medium fine), germ (general), dekak (for an older or respected), ngonahuk (rough), monirak (most coarse) and Macuh (for the spirits of the dead). Malay language in West Kalimantan consist of several types, including Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Melayu Pontianak and Sambas. Bahasa Melayu Pontianak itself has the same accent discussed Malaysia and Malay Riau Malay.

- Religion and Belief: 
The majority of the population of West Kalimantan embraced Islam (35%), Catholics (28%), Protestant (10%), Buddhists (6.4%), Hindu (0.2%), other (1 , 7%).

- Traditional Dances:
* Dance Monong / Manang / Baliatn, is a dance Healing contained in all the Dayak community. dance serves as a repellent / healer / antidote to the disease for the patient to recover back the dancers behave like shamans with the spell.
This dance is present when the shaman is in a state of trance, and dance is part of traditional ceremonies Bemanang / Balian.
* Dance by side, A Dance Single at the Dayak Mualang Sekadau District which in the present as a dance entertainment community for sustenance / dagger / food given by God. This dance is used by side as a media attraction and dance is set off from the ancestral culture of the past are strongly associated with acceptance / welcoming guests / hero.
* Dance dance Jonggan are Kanayatn Dayak community association in the Kubu Raya, Mempawah, Hedgehog can still be found and enjoyed visually, this dance meceritakan joy and happiness in the association Dayak young couple. In this dance the guests who come are generally invited to dance together.
* Dance is a dance association kondan that rhyme and accompanied by traditional music Sanggau Kapuas Dayak community, this kondan art sometimes accompanied by guitar. kondan art is greeting happiness of guests who visit and spend the night in his area. This art is done by dancing and unrequited rhyme.
* Kinyah Uut Danum, is a typical war dance Uut Danum Dayak ethnic group who showed agility and alertness in the face of the enemy. Today was a lot Kinyah Uut Danum shown on special events or when welcoming guests who visit. This dance is very hard to learn because in addition to using Ahpang (Saber) is original, as well as a very dynamic movement, so people are less physically fit will be quickly exhausted.
* Dance Zapin in West Kalimantan Malay community, is a social dance in society, as the media said the happiness in the association. If he uses the property Tembung then called Zapin Tembung, if a fan then called Zapin fan.

- Traditional Musical Instruments:
* Gong / Agukng, Kollatung (Uut Danum) are percussion instruments made of brass, is a multifunctional instrument both as a dowry, as the base symbol of the spirit in marriage. as well as payment of the customary law.
* Tawaq (a type kempul) is a musical instrument to accompany the traditional dance of the Dayak community in general. Uut Danum Dayak language called Kotavak.
* Sapek is a traditional stringed musical instrument of the upper Kapuas Depth wealth among the Dayak communities upstream of Kapuas district. In Uut Danum people call Konyahpik (form) differs slightly with Sapek.
* Feedback / Kurating is a stringed musical instrument similar Sapek, derived from the Kapuas Hulu on Ibanik the Dayak, Dayak Banuaka ".
* Kangkuang are percussion instruments made of wood and carved, found in the Dayak community Banuaka Kapuas Hulu.
* Keledik / Kedire a musical instrument made from gourds and bamboo played by blowing and smoked, located in Kapuas Hulu. In Uut Danum Dayak tribe called Korondek.
* At Entebong is a kind of musical instrument drum that is widely available in the local Dayak groups Mualang Sekadau District.
* Rabab / Rebab, the stringed instrument, is at the Uut Danum Dayak tribe. Kohotong, namely wind instrument, made from a kind of midrib branches of wild plants in the forest like a palm tree. Sollokanong (some call it Klenang other Dayak tribes) made of brass, the shape is smaller than the gong, its use should be one set.
* Terah People (on Uut Danum Dayak) is a percussion instrument such as the Javanese gamelan. It is made of iron (the people) then Terah called the Ummah.

- Traditional Weapons:
* Saber (Ahpang: Uut Danum designation) is a type of sword that is unique, with a fine and peculiar. In Uut Danum Dayak tribe upper is made of carved deer antlers, while the iron material Ahpang (Saber) is made of iron mined itself and consists of two types, namely the famous Nyan Bahtuk hard and sharp so that flies perch can break but easily broken and People of the famous Motihke flexible, toxic and does not rust.
* Keris
* Tumbak
* Chopsticks (Sohpot: Uut Danum title)
* Piston rifle
* Duhung (Uut Danum)
* Isou Bacou or Parang that both sides sharply (Uut Danum)
* Lunjuk or similar tumbak to hunt (Uut Danum)

- Literature:
Some oral literature in this area include:
* Bekana an old people's stories of the past that tell the world Khayangan or Persons Aging Pang (the gods) in the Dayak mythology Ibanik: Iban, Mualang, Sleep, Village and others.
* Bejandeh bekana but the object is a kind of different story.
* Nyangahatn, the old prayer on Kanayatn Dayak community. In Uut Danum Dayak tribe, oral literature composed of Kollimoi (second time), Tahtum (third time), Parung, Kandan and Kendau.
At the time of the oldest or the first is the occurrence of the universe and humankind. In this second era of oral literature is about human life Uut Danum in the sky. In the third era is about the stories of heroism and headhunting Uut Danum Dayak tribe when it was on earth, for example how they mengayau along the Kapuas river until people are not remaining so-called Kopuas Buhang (Kapuas is empty or the occupants out) then they search for targets to other parts of the island Kalimantan is the direction of Central and East Kalimantan and carry the names of areas in West Kalimantan, so that's why in Central Kalimantan have also named the river Kapuas River and River Melawi.
This Tahtum if sung in the original can reach dozens of night for a single episode, while Tahtum consists of hundreds of episodes. Parung adalahsastra oral tradition when there is a party or wedding. Kandan compose literature language is highest among ethnic groups Uut Danum (Dohoi, Soravai, Pangin, Daylight, Joyless and others) used to tell Kolimoi, Parung, Mohpash and others.
People who study language Kandan must pay to the teacher. Now this language is almost extinct and only controlled by old people.
While Kendau is the literary language to make fun or joke.

- Weaving:
Traditional Fabric located in certain areas, including:
* Weaving Sambas Region
* Weaving Belitang Kumpang area Ilong Sekadau District
* Weaving Length Ensaid Sintang
* Weaving Kapuas Hulu

- Crafts: 
Various kinds of crafts can be obtained from this area, for example:
* Mats mats, in Pontianak and Bengkayang area, Sintang, Kapuas Hulu.
* Carve-carvings, shields, saber and others contained in Pontianak and Kapuas Hulu.
* Nuts Uwoi (patterned rattan mats) typical Uut Danum Dayak tribe.
* Takui Darok (caping wide motif) typical Uut Danum Dayak tribe.

- Traditional Cake:
Traditional cakes are often found in this place, for example:
* Lemang, made of sticky rice on input into the bamboo, is a traditional food of the past which is still preserved.
* Lemper, made of sticky rice that the content of the meat / bean there is a traditional food in the area Purun
* Lepat, made of flour in it at the input banana.
* Jimut, traditional cakes at the local Dayak community Mualang Belitang Sekadau District made from flour that formed spheres of ball pimpong.
* Lulun, a type Lepat, yamg isimya brown sugar, found in the area Belitang kab Sekadau
* Lempok, located in Pontianak is made from Durian (almost all ethnic Dayak and Malay in the habit of making Lempok)
* Tumpi ', found in the Dayak community kanayatn, made from flour.
* Tehpung, traditional cake on Uut Danum Dayak, made from finely ground rice is sticky rice and fried.
This cake is usually made in traditional events, there's nothing like a boat shape, gongs and others.

- Traditional Cuisine:
Cuisine that we can get from this area are:
* Acid Spicy Cuisine in the area of  Pontianak
* Porridge Spicy Cuisine in Sambas district
* Kerupok wet, a typical food Kapuas Hulu
* Ale-ale, is a typical food Ketapang
* Pansoh, namely meat dishes in the bamboo in the Dayak community.
* Mie Tiau, is a typical Chinese cuisine located in the city of Pontianak Pontiana
* Chicken and Noodle Wonton Rice, a resident of Chinese cuisine and surroundings Singkawang
Source from: Wikipedia ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare from source of West Borneo History to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: Indonesian Batik History

- Batik is one way of making fabric.
Besides batik can refer to two things. The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining in part of the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as a wax-resist dyeing.
The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motives which have peculiarities.
Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated as a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2, 2009.

- Etymology:
The word "batik" is derived from a combination of two Javanese word "amba", meaning "writing" and "point" which means "point".
- History of batik techniques:
Art staining fabric with stain prevention techniques using night is one of the ancient art form. The discovery in Egypt showed that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery of mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara period (645-794). In Africa, such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, and the Soninke and Wolof tribe in Senegal. In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century.
Produced batik batik is all to the early twentieth century and the new batik known after World War I or around the 1920's. Although the word "batik" is derived from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itself is not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer argue that the technique of batik was probably introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (archaeologist Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the region such as the Toraja, Flores, Halmahera and Papua. It should be noted that these regions are not areas that are influenced by Hinduism but known to have the ancient tradition of batik making. G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java.
He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting, so he argues that the canting is found in Java at the time about it. Detailed carvings that resemble the pattern of batik cloth worn by the Prajnaparamita, the Buddhist statues of the goddess of wisdom from East Java, the 13th century. Detailed clothing displaying patterns of plant tendrils and intricate flowers that are similar to traditional Javanese batik pattern that can be found now. This shows that making a complex batik patterns that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier. Legend in Malay literature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin told Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of fabric litter with 40 kinds of flower patterns on each page. Unable to fulfill the order, he made himself that the fabrics. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only able to bring four pieces that make the Emperor disappointed. In European literature, batik technique was first told in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.
He was the British governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel give a piece of batik, which is obtained during a visit to Indonesia to the Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and in the early 19th century, it began to reach the golden batik.
When exhibited at the World Exposition in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik riveting public and artists. Since industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, batik is a new type appeared, known as batik and batik prints, while those produced in traditional batik techniques handwriting using canting and night is called batik. At the same time, immigrants from Indonesia to Malaya Fellowship also carries batik with them.  

- Culture batik:
Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (especially Java) since long. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living, so in the past, batik work is exclusively women's work until the discovery of "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into the field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik masculine lines as can be seen in shades of "Mega Clouds", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.
The tradition of batik was originally a hereditary tradition, so that occasionally a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik may indicate the status of a person. Even today, some traditional 'batik motif is only used by the family palace of Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Batik is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia (Java) that until now still exist. Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Suharto, who was then wearing batik at the UN Conference.

- The style batik:
Variety Batik style and color are influenced by various foreign influences. Originally, batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. However, coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and also in the end, the invaders. Bright colors like red popularized by the Chinese, who also popularized the style phoenix.
European colonial nations are also taking interest in batik, and the result is a style previously unknown flowers (like tulips) and also the objects taken by the colonizer (the building or horse-drawn carriage), including their favorite colors like blue. Retain traditional batik pattern, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, because usually each style has a representation of each.

- How to manufacture:
Originally batik made on material with white color made of cotton cloth called mori. Today the batik is also made on other materials such as silk, polyester, rayon and other synthetic materials. Batik motif formed by the liquid wax by using a tool called a canting for subtle motifs, or brush to a large motif, so that the liquid wax to seep into the fabric fibers.
Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the desired color, usually starting from a young colors. Immersion then taken to another motif with color or black older. After some time the coloring process, which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax.

- Type of batik:  
1.According to techniques;
* Batik cloth is furnished with texture and style batik by hand. Batik making this type takes approximately 2-3 months.
* Batik cap is decorated with fabric textures and patterns created with batik cap (usually made of copper). Batik-making process of this type takes approximately 2-3 days.
* Batik is the process of making batik painting by painting directly on fabric putihPakmun (talk)  

2.According to origin of manufacture;  
Javanese Batik
Javanese batik art is a cultural heritage of Indonesia, especially Java-controlled areas of hereditary Javanese. Javanese Batik motifs have different.
Differences dikarnakan motif is common motives that have meaning, that is not just an image but it implies that they can from their ancestors, namely religion animism, dynamism, or Hindus and Buddhists. Javanese Batik in many developing regions Solo or commonly known as Solo.
Source from: Wikipedia ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare from source of Batik for Indonesia to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: Pluto No Longer Includes the Solar System

You all must have known it, if Pluto is now not a part of the planets in our solar system.
But did you also know, from when the decision was taken and what is the consideration? Well if you do not already know, the following explanation. Starting August 24, 2006 do not ever say Pluto slipped again.
Because since that day, Pluto was decided no longer entitled to a designation as a planet. The International Astronomical Union General Assembly (International Astronomical Union / IAU) to-26 in Prague, Czech Republic, producing historic decision in the world of astronomy to remove Pluto from the list of planets in our Solar System.
From now on, members of the Solar System consists of only eight planets, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Pluto issue a decision that has become a member of the Family Planet Solar System for 76 years is a consequence of enactment of a new definition of planet.
Resolution 5A The IAU General Assembly-26 contains a new definition.
* In the resolution stated, an object can called a planet if it meets three conditions:      
- Orbiting the Sun      
- Large enough so as to maintain a round shape      
- Having a clear orbital path and "clean" (no object  Another sky was in orbit)
The definition is the first universal definition of planet since the term planet known among astronomers, even before the era of Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543 proved that Earth is one planet that rotates around the Sun. With the new definition, Pluto is not entitled to bear the name of the planet because it does not qualify a third. Pluto orbits the planet Neptune's orbit so that the cut in his journey around the Sun, Pluto is sometimes closer to the Sun than Neptune.



Little Planet (Dwarf Planets)
Pluto and then enter in a new family called dwarf planets or dwarf planet (dwarf planets). This family consists of Pluto and other heavenly bodies in the solar system similar to Pluto, including in it the largest asteroid Ceres, Pluto's satellite, Charon, and some other celestial bodies only recently discovered.
According to the Director Bosscha Observatory in Lembang, West Java, Dr Taufiq Hidayat, IAU General Assembly's decision is the culmination of scientific debate in astronomy that has been going on since the early 1990s and then.
The debate was triggered many new discoveries that cast doubt on whether Pluto still qualifies as a planet or not. "Characteristics of Pluto is different from other planets. Even their chemical composition is more like a comet than a planet," said astronomer who studied sciences planet. In addition, technological developments also led to the discovery telescope various celestial bodies that fall into the Kuiper Belt Objects (Kuiper Belt Object / OBC).
Kuiper Belt itself is the name for the region outside the orbit of Neptune to a distance of 50 Astronomical Units (AU / 1 Astronomical Unit = average distance to the Sun-Earth, which is about 149.6 million kilometers) from the Sun.
Some of the KBO (Kuiper Black Object) is attractive because of similarly sized or even larger than Pluto (diameter 2300 km) and some have satellite or "moon".
Some of these objects, among others, Quaoar (diameter 1,000 km-1,300 km), Sedna (1180 km-1800 km), and the most famous is the object called 2003 UB313 found in Michael Brown of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 2003 . Object nicknamed Xena has a diameter of 2400 km, which means larger than Pluto.
Xena had in a scene right as the 10th planet of the Solar System. Since then, continued Taufiq, there is a difference of opinion among astronomers. "The choice is to enter Ceres, Charon and 2003 UB313 into the family of planets, so the number of planets to 12, or exclude Pluto.
Finally, the second option is agreed," said former Chairman of the Department of Astronomy Institute of Technology Bandung. The agreement itself has not come easily. Taufiq said the decision was even achieved by way of a vote among the members of the IAU who were present when preceded by a fierce debate. Four senior astronomer from Indonesia participated in the IAU General Assembly, namely Jorga Ibrahim, Iratius Radiman, Suryadi Siregar, and Mrs. Permana Permadi.
Some predict the debate over Pluto's status will not end here. Alan Stern, head of NASA's space shuttle mission, New Horizon, which was launched to Pluto, in January, admitted feeling "ashamed" of the decision. Nevertheless, the mission worth 700 million U.S. dollars and will arrive at Pluto in 2015 it will still continue. "This is really a definition of reckless." Removal degree Naturally title planet of Pluto's removal sparked an emotional reaction.
Pluto is so far has its own place in the hearts of astronomers, both professional and amateur. Pluto is often considered "The Youngest of the Solar System" because it is farthest from the Sun and found the end than the eight other planets. Pluto's orbit is very elliptical and not parallel to the plane passes other planets can also make this unique planet.
Pluto was once regarded as the answer to the mystery of Planet X, a hypothetical planet which is presumably outside the orbit of Neptune and cause interference with the orbits of the planets Uranus and Neptune. Although the size of Pluto and then proved too small to be Planet X, these allegations become part of the legend of Pluto.  
Info: From various sources  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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BeZhare: 10 World's Tallest Building

Burj Dubai

10. Shun Hing Square.
Location: Shenzhen, China Architect: K.Y. Cheung Design Assc.
Year: 1996
Height: 384 meters / 1.260 feet.  

9.CITIC Plaza, Guangzhou.
Location: Guangzhou, China Architect: DLN Architects
Year: 1997
Height: 391 meters / 1.283 feet.  

8. Two International Finance Centre (IFC).
Location: Hong Kong Architect: Cesar Pelli
Year: 2003
Height: 414 meters / 1.362. feet.  

7. The Jin Mao Building.
Location: Shanghai, China Architect: Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM),
Year: 1999
Height: 421 meters / 1.381 feet.



6. Sears Tower (Tower Willis).
Historically Named: Sears Tower Current Name: Willis Tower Location: Chicago, Illinois, USA Architect: Bruce Graham, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM),
Year: 1973
Height: 442 meters / 1.450 feet.  

5. Petronas Tower.
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: Cesar Pelli
Year: 1998
Petronas Tower 1
Height: 452 meters / 1.483 feet of the Petronas Tower 1 Stories: 88 Petronas
Tower 2
Height: 452 meters / 1.483 feet.  

4. International Commerce Centre.
International Commerce Centre (ICC) Also Known As: Union Square Phase 7
Location: West Kowloon, Hong Kong Architect: Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd..
Design Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Association Construction
Started: 2002 Expected Completion: 2010
Height: 484 meters / 1,587.9 feet.  

3. The Shanghai World Financial Centre.
Location: Pudong District, Shanghai, China Project Architect and Engineer: Minoru Mori, Mori Building Co.., Ltd..
Design Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates PC (KPF)
Year: 2008 Structure: Steel-Framed Reinforced concrete and steel
Height: 492 meters / 1.600 feet.  

2. Taipei 101 Tower.
Location: Taipei, Taiwan Architect: C.Y. Lee & Partners
Year: 2004
Height: 509 meters / 1.670 feet.  

1. Burj Dubai.
Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates Developer: Emaar Properties Architect: Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill Year: December 2009 (projected)
Height: 818 meters / 2.684 feet (includes Spire).  
Info: From various sources ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: 10 Dangerous Mountain in the World to Make a Climb

Annapurna, Central Nepal

1. Annapurna, Central Nepal (26.545 ft.).
The mountain is the 10th highest mountain in the world. 130 climbers have been climbing to the top of the landslide prone. But the 53 climbers have died when a try, making the death rate reached 41% of Annapurna, the highest in the world.  

2. Nanga Parbat, Kashmir (26.657 ft.)
Often dubbed "The Man Eater", the mountain with the sharp side in Kashmir is composed of rock and snow. The climax to the 9th highest in the world, while its south side is the tallest mountain on the planet's face. Nanga Parbat has been eating 31 victims of the soul before it managed to climb to the top by Herman Buhl in 1953.  

3. Siula Grande, the Peruvian Andes (20.814 ft.). 


In 1985, a duet Joe Simpson and Simon Yates, an ascent immortalized in the book and film Touching the Void, trying to climb the west side of Siula Grande: a vertical ascent that has not been resolved. They reached the top, but when Simpson fell down and broke his leg. Yates tried to lower Simpson wore a rope, but then could not see it because it blocked the cliff. After an hour passed, Yates cut the rope. Miraculously, Simpson survived despite falling 30 meters into the gap snow. He survived 3 days by eating snow and crawled over the five miles back tent. Simpson arrived at when Yates was just about to leave the camp because the thought was dead.  

4. K2, borders Pakistan and China (28.251 ft.).
The second highest mountain in the world, dikabarnya risky for women climbers. The first woman to reach the peak is Wanda Rutkiewicz in June 1986. In the next 18 years, all five women climbers who reached the peak had been killed. Three killed when down from K2, the two were killed in the mountains nearby. Rutkiewicz was also killed in the nearby mountain Kangchenjunga 1992. The curse is finally solved in 2004 by Edurne Pasaban, 31-year-old female climber from Spain who were still alive until now.  

5. Kangchenjunga, the border of India and Nepal (28.169 ft.).
In 1999, a new James Bond novel contains the adventures of these agents on the mountain. The mountain is famous by the avalanche snow and cold weather, so be including deadly mountain.  

6. The Matterhorn, the border of Switzerland and Italy (14.691 ft.). In the current era, the greatest danger in the Matterhorn more because of its popularity. The tourists who are often eager to make the stones fell and struck the climbers below.  

7. Everest, China border Nepaldan (29.029 ft.).
If you look at this height, may be directly considered the most deadly mountain. But it has only Everest fatality rate of 9% when many are trying to climb it every year.  

8. Mt.Washington, New Hampshire (6.288 ft).
Famous by easily changing weather, strong winds and hail that has killed 100 climbers. Even had a record of fastest wind speed 231 miles per hour.  

9. Denali, Alaska (20.320 ft.).
The mountain is frequently hit by earthquakes. The combination of altitude and latitude to make climbers easy to get sick. Oxygen levels in the Denali is much lower than the mountain which is on the equator.  

10. Mt.Fuji, Japan (12.388 ft.).
Sometimes a low mountain too often deadly. At the foot of Mount Fuji is the area called Ocean of Trees (Sea of ??Trees), an area full of pine and other trees which are the only areas not affected by the eruption of lava flows in 1707. In Japan, the forest is also called Aokigahara, and are often considered as an ideal place to die. A lot of news about a strange incident in Here, local residents tell about the area that can be magnetized confusing people. While many inhabited forest populations of snakes, wild dogs and the occasional ghost sightings.  
Info: From various sources ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: 7 People A Very Difficult Killed Historic

7. Edward Teach Blackbeard a.k.a. Edward Teach, also known as Blackbeard the pirate captain from England.
He is known to have 16 wives.  
*How He Finally Dead. 
Blackbeard eventually make themselves retire to North Carolina in America, to have fun with rampasannya property. However, the governor of Virginia at that time, was not happy with the presence of Blackbeard. He sent two warships to the house, led by Robert Maynard. However, Blackbeard did not run away and escape from the ships Maynard. He even climbed. After the bombing the ship on deck with a grenade, he's looking for Maynard. Maynard almost lost all his fingers due to dipedang by Blackbeard. Amazingly, the sword of Maynard broke his back trying to stab Blackbeard. When finished a fight, Blackbeard had been stabbed at least twenty times and was shot five times, and eventually die from bleeding. Before dying, he had reloaded back to keep shooting Maynard's men.

6. Pablo Escobar
Pablo Escobar was the leader of Narcotics Medellin Cartel, a drug syndicate from Colombia (South America), which supplied 80% of cocain in the world. In 1989, Escobar named as person-to-7 richest in the world with assets (haram gan) for U.S. $ 25 billion.  
*How He Finally Dead. 
A special team called the Search Bloc was built upon the operators of U.S. Delta Force, SEAL Team 6 and the Colombian police tried to kill him. Shooting took place at HQ Medellin, with Escobar finally climbed onto the roof, jumping from one building to another, with a still shot in the leg and body. Escobar continues to survive until finally he killed himself by shooting his head. When divisum, Escobar is expected to have a thousand gunshot wounds throughout the body and legs.

5. Ned Kelly
Ned Kelly was a criminal from Australia who live in the 19th century. He was responsible for two bank robberies and murders of three major policemen. Remarkably, he killed three policemen for the sake of escape from the police catch that he had killed.  
*How He Finally Dead. 
Ned Kelly and his gang eventually kidnapped about 70 people hostage from the Glenrowan Inn when they know that a train full of police were chasing them. Ned Kelly was also trying to bring down the train in the middle of the road, which eventually failed. The criminal was then put armor (armor =) their own creation. Kelly out of the Glenrowan Inn, opened fire on police who shot at him. The police bullet terpantulkan by Kelly's armor, but her thighs are not protected to the point of weakness. Kelly finally gave up because too many injuries in his leg. All members of the gang died, but Kelly's life and brought to justice. He was sentenced to death, and his last words before leaving the court was "I'll meet you when you come." Two weeks later, the judge who gave the death penalty against Kelly died of a heart attack.

4. Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky was the right hand of the Bolshevik leaders in Russia, Lenin. After Lenin meningggal, loyalty must move to Stalin. However, Stalin even mengeluarkanya from Russian Communist Party and mengasingkannya from Russia. Want to look back, Trotsky Stalin's attempt to throw into prison by ratting to the United States Congress.  
*How He Finally Dead.
Trotsky was not given entry into the United States by the Immigration. Eventually, he moved to Mexico City, where he attempted assassin was killed by Stalin named Ramon Mercader. Mercader membacoknya in the head with an ax. However, Trotsky rose from his seat, spit Mercader, and chase the killers and wrestle with him, with an ax in his head. The bodyguard of Trotsky finally came into the room, killed Mercader, Trotsky and brought to the hospital. He died of complications from the disease dikepalanya few days later.

3. Gabriel Garcia Moreno
Gabriel Garcia Moreno is the president of Ecuador in the 19th century. He is a devout Catholic and found the Conservative Party of Ecuador. Moreno stated that the country's official religion is Catholic, and requires anyone who wants to seek political office must be a Catholic. This law was opposed by many people, which eventually led to her attempted murder.  
*How he finally dies. 
The next day, Moreno was walking out of the church in Quito. He was suddenly attacked by a group of assailants with axes, towards the neck, skull and brain, and then decided his left arm and his right hand. Moreno still standing back. The assailant shot him six times in chest. He then attacked again with a sword no less more than 14 times. Even after that, Moreno still managed to write "God is not dead" on the ground with his own blood. After the assailant left, the pastor of the church brought into the church, where she eventually lived for 15 minutes to go and die.

2. Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer. He was the first person to successfully circumnavigate the world, and the first European to step on the Philippines. Magellan agreed to kill someone named Lapu-Lapu, the enemy of the two kings Philippines.
*How He Finally Dead. 
Magellan finally landed on the island of Lapu-Lapu called Mactan. Lapu-Lapu know they will come, because it turned out an army was ready waiting for them. Magellan was shot with poisoned bullets when he set foot in Mactan. However, he still ran to the front, behind which a ship full of soldiers of Magellan. He then stabbed in the face with a bamboo spear and sword arm dropped out due to hit the enemy. Before long, her feet following the arm. He finally fell fell to the ground, helpless. Lapu-Lapu Army continuously membacoknya and hit him, but Magellan continues to live and yelled at his men to return to the ship and fled. Under the rain stab and blow from the enemy army, Magellan saw his men fled back toward safety. It was not until he was dead.

1. Grigori Rasputin
Rasputin was an astrologer who lived with Tsar Nicholas II in Russia, in the early 20th century. The Tsar (Russian titles for the king) believe that Rasputin could treat their children affected by hemophilia named Alexei, so they told him to stay in the castle with the Tsar himself. However, Rasputin has a character that is not so good. He is a usurer and also a heavy drinker, and often accept bribes from people who need help. Rasputin lifestyle makes it ultimately is less favored by the royal family. *How He Finally Died.
Rasputin was stabbed by an assassin in 1914. However, he remains alive. After recovery, people who do not like him trying to kill him again with the poisoned wine and cakes. However, Rasputin continues to live, somehow. Because Rasputin continues to live, they tried to kill him, this time by shooting his head. Rasputin, fell on the ground, but actually he only pretended to be dead. After happy to see "dead", the "killer" of his leaving the room. Funny thing, forgot to bring a jacket. When he returned to retrieve it, Rasputin rose from the ground and yelled and started to strangle him. Those people back into the room, shot him again three times a pat on the head, knocking him to the floor. But ... yes ... he's not dead. He again got up and beaten until they fell unconscious. They wrapped the bodies with sheets and menceburkannya Rasputin into the Neva River is very cold. When they found him later, the sheets stained with blood and his body full of bullet wounds, his stomach full of poison, and many bruises because he was beaten, Rasputin was reported dead from the cold.  
Info: From various sources ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: Sambas Tragedy

1. Background.
      a. Initial events triggered a case of theft of chickens by the Madurese people who were arrested and persecuted by ethnic Malay community.
      b. Events grow with the merger of hundreds of people attacked Madurese and Malay tribes that resulted in 3 people ethnic Malay died and two people injured.
      c. In addition, there were also cases of fights between ethnic Malay citizens kenek public transportation with public transportation passenger Madurese people who do not want to pay the fare.
      d. The result is a reciprocal return of ethnic Malay residents assisted deal of Dayak tribal Madura in the form of fighting, assault and vandalism.
      e. Events developed by the occurrence of riots, arson, vandalism, fights, persecution and killings of ethnic Malay residents assisted residents deal of Dayak tribal Madura, which extends around the stricken area.
      f. There has been displaced Madurese residents on a large scale. Then the issue is exploited by certain groups for their interests.
      g. This event is the tenth event since 1977 and it had occurred to other ethnic.

2. Chronology of events.


      a. On January 17, 1999 at 1:30 pm has been arrested and tortured chicken theft perpetrators Madurese residents by ethnic Malay residents.
      b. On January 19, 1999 approximately 200 people from Madura tribe attacked a tribal village Malay village.
      c. The next day a fight broke out between residents and citizens of the Madurese ethnic Malays for not paying the cost of public transportation. This incident developed into a fight between groups and between the villages accompanied by arson, vandalism and other acts of violence.
      d. Malay tribal Dayak assisted assault, arson, vandalism, assault and murder of citizens of the Madurese and then reply to each other.
      e. Events developed by the refugee residents of Madura in the amount large enough to Singkawang and Pontianak.
      f. Actions of security forces, among others:
            - Locate and prevent the spread of the incident,
            - Helping to evacuate the refugees, do a search and rescue Madurese who fled Forestry,
            - Helping the refugees shelter in place,
            - Hold a dialogue with community leaders and religious leaders, as well as
            - Make law enforcement efforts against criminals.
      g. Victims of the riots consisted of Sambas, 489 people died, 168 people were seriously injured, slightly injured 34 people, burned houses and damaged (3833), cars were burnt / damaged (12) and motor (9), the mosque / madrassa destroyed / burned ( 8), school vandalized (2), warehouse damaged (1) and residents displaced Madurese 29. 823 people.

3. Legal Process.
      a. Actors who arrested 208 people and in the judicial process as many as 59 people, consisting of ethnic Madurese 13 people, 42 people ethnic Malay and Dayak 4 people.
      b. Evidence seized 607 weapons fire assemblies, 2336 sharp weapons, 76 Molotov cocktails, 86 catapults, arrows 969, 8 and 8 bottles of medicine jar of gunpowder, 443 grain lead bullets, 79 bullets of iron pipes, 349 bullets and 441 grains setandard Armed Forces slug.

4. Conclusion.
      a. This event is rooted in part on the problem of education inequality, marginalization of particular interest in occupying a position in government, the economic gap between immigrants and indigenous tribes and a clash of cultural / social behavior.
      b. Mass riots triggered by the fighting between tribes of different individuals and then spread throughout the Sambas district.
      c. The presence of riot troops Penindak Bulk (housing), have helped solving this incident.
      d. Pluralistic nature of Indonesian society should always respect their customs and always maintain the unity of the Union.

TNI and the police always give priority to maintain the harmony of life which has enjoyed a pluralistic Indonesian society. Responding to events Sambas, troops and police have been carrying out its role as well pasilitator menyelaras to achieve common ground between the warring communities. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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