BeZhare: What is Leptospirosis, Transmission Mode, Symptoms and How to Prevent?

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by spiral shaped bacteria Leptospira which attacks the kidneys (urinary system) animals and humans and can live in fresh water for about 1 month.
This type is generally endemic disease when the rice harvest season or the rainy season with high humidity.  

Transmission of Leptospirosis
Letospirosis generally transmitted by a vector of mice but also can be transmitted by animals also pigs, goats, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, insects, birds, bats, squirrels and hedgehogs. Transmission of leptospirosis from rats to humans through contact with water, soil or plants that have been contaminated by the urine of animals suffering from leptospirosis.
The bacteria enter the body through mucous membranes (mucosa) of eyes, nose, or skin abrasions or food contaminated by infected animal urine leptospira. victim will experience clinical symptoms after the incubation period of 4-19 days.  

Clinical Symptoms of Leptospirosis


Typical complaints that are commonly found from the victim, among others: sudden fever, poor general state of helplessness, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and felt the eyes of the longer growing yellow and severe muscle pain, especially the calves and thighs.
These symptoms are almost similar to the symptoms of fever is generally caused by influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, dengue fever, dengue fever and other viral fever, which is often undiagnosed, therefore, in each case with symptoms of fever, leptospirosis must always be considered as one diagnosis of the appeal, especially in endemic areas.
Approach to diagnosis of leptospirosis can be divided into two, namely: leptospirosis and leptospirosis anikterik jaundice. The majority of cases of leptospirosis anikterik leptopirosis is composed of 2 phases / stages of phase leptospiremia / phase of septicemia and immune phases, separated by asymptomatic periods. Clinical manifestations of mild or high fever which is remittances, myalgia, especially in the calf muscles, conjungtival suffusion (red eyes), headache, chills, nausea, vomiting and anorexia, non-specific aseptic meningitis.
In leptospirosis jaundice, the patient continuously in a state of sclera jaundice accompanied by fever, severe circumstances occur in acute renal failure, jaundice and bleeding manifestations that are typical clinical picture of Weil's disease.
In leptospirosis jaundice, fever can be persistent and immune phase is unclear or appears to overlap with the phase of septicemia. The presence of immune phase is influenced by the type and amount of bacteria leptospira serovar infecting, immunological status, nutritional status of patients and the speed of obtaining the appropriate treatment. Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis is more severe jaundice, which is acute renal failure, jaundice and bleeding manifestations (Weil's disease).
Moreover, it can happen Adult Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS), uremia coma, shock, septicemia, cardiorespiratory failure and hemorrhagic shock as the cause of death of patients with leptospirosis jaundice.

Examination Leptospirosis
Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis are similar to other infectious diseases such as influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, dengue fever, dengue fever and other viral fever, which is often not diagnosed, so to ensure viktim attacked leptospirosis necessary laboratory scale test.
Diagnosis of leptospirosis can be divided into 3 classifications are: Suspect, if any clinical symptoms, without the support of laboratory tests.
Probable, if appropriate clinical symptoms of leptospirosis and serology results filter namely dipstick, lateral flow, or dri dot positive. Definitive, when laboratory test results directly to positive, or in accordance with clinical symptoms and test results leptospirosis MAT / serial ELISA showed seroconversion or increase in titer of 4 times or more.  

Prevention
Prevention of transmission of the bacteria leptospira can be done through three channels interventions include interventions source of infection, intervention on the routes of transmission and intervention on the human host.
- Various activities that can prevent leptospirosis:    
• Familiarize yourself with the Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS)
• Store food and beverages properly to avoid the rats.
• washing hands with soap before eating.
• washing hands, feet and other body parts with soap after working in the field / garden / waste / ground / sewers and polluted places other.
• Protect workers who are at high risk of leptospirosis (cleaners, farmers, animal cutters officer, etc.) using the boots and gloves.
• Maintaining environmental cleanliness
• Clean the places where water and swimming pool.
• Avoid the rats in the house / building.
• Avoid contamination by rodents.
• Conduct disinfection of certain places contaminated by rat  

Treatment and Prognosis
Early treatment is very helpful because the Leptospira bacteria are easily killed by antibiotics encountered in many markets such as penicillin and its derivatives (Amoxylline) Streptomycine, Tetracycline, Erithtromycine. When complications occur lematian figure can reach 20%.
Therapeutic aspects of leptospirosis include therapy causative aspect, with procaine penicillin antibiotics, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, doxycycline in the first week infekasi, as well as aspects of symptomatic and supportive with antipyretic administration, nutrition, etc..
All cases of mild leptospirosis can be cured completely, in contrast with severe leptospirosis who have a high CFR number, between 5? 40%. Prognosis is determined by various factors such as the virulence of the bacteria leptospira, the physical condition of the patient, patient's age, the presence of jaundice, presence of acute renal failure, severe liver function disorders and how quickly medical treatment by the team. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: Risk of Disease Due to Frequent Sitting on Toilet Seat

Imagining the toilet seat in a public place that has been used a lot of people often raises concerns about cleanliness. Some people are even afraid to use public toilets because it did not want exposed to germs and viruses that cause sexually transmitted diseases.

According to Dr. Sophia Yen, a senior researcher from Children's Hospital Lucile Packrad, concerns about transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from the toilet seat is not grounded. He mentioned, viruses and bacteria that cause STDs can not survive outside the body for a long time, especially in cold temperatures and hard surfaces such as toilet seats.



"Besides viruses and bacteria that cause STDs do not exist in the urine. Therefore, the risk of contracting STDs from using public toilets are very small, even negligible," he said.

He added that to worry about is the transmission of disease through skin contact with skin or mouth contacts. A kiss for example. This activity can transmit herpes if there are lesions or open sores in the mouth.

IMS majority occur because of sexual relations, either through the vagina or anus. This is because viruses and bacteria are usually located in body fluids such as blood, semen, or mucous membranes. The eyes are touched by hands contaminated with infected fluid can also cause serious eye infections.

STI transmission can also occur through the delivery process when the baby through the birth canal of existing open wounds that can cause brain damage, blindness, and death.

To prevent STDs, stop sexual activity until illness or injury is completely healed. Use a condom during sexual intercourse because this can reduce the risk of infection. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: Afternoon Sleep Can Adverse

Adequate sleep is essential for maintaining physical and psychological health. Closed his eyes for a moment during the day also effectively repel feeling tired. But not all people are advised to take a nap because it can hurt.

If you do not have a problem with sleep at night, take a moment to sleep in the daytime it can give positive benefits. Research in 2008 showed 45-minute nap can improve memory function, lowers blood pressure and relieve stress.

But for people who suffer from sleep disorders like insomnia, nap it would be counterproductive. "Nap, even for a short while can reduce drowsiness in the daytime," Ralph Downey III, PhD, director of the Sleep Disorders Center.



He added, a nap would be effective for people who suffer from temporary sleep disorders, such as certain diseases or are suffering from insomnia due to jet lag.

In children, additional hours of sleep during the day usually is not absolutely necessary if he was aged 3 years and over. The kids need a nap if need sleep at night not being met. In addition, children who look fussy at night due to fatigue should be scheduled for a nap. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BiZhare: Knowing the Response Mode and Control of Filariasis Elephantiasis

Filariasis
(Elephant Leg Disease) is an infectious disease caused by Filaria worms that are transmitted by various species of mosquitoes. This disease is chronic (chronic) and if not treated can cause permanent disability in the form of enlargement of the legs, arms and genitals of both women and men.  

Transmission of Filariasis
One can catch the disease or infected with elephantiasis, if the person is bitten by infective mosquitoes that contain mosquito larvae stage III (L3). Mosquitoes are a small filarial worms (microfilariae) when the blood sucking people or animals containing microfilaria reservoir containing the microfilaria. Transmission Cycle kaiki this elephant through two stages, namely the development of mosquito (vector) and the second phase of development in the human body (host) and reservoair.

Clinical symptoms of filariasis

Clinical Symptoms of Acute Filariais is the form; Fever repeatedly for 3 -5 days, fever may be lost if the break and came back after working hard, swollen lymph nodes (without any injury), groin area, ketiap (lymphadenitis), which looks red, heat and pain; tract inflammation of lymph nodes that feel heat and pain radiating from the base of the foot or base of the arm towards the end (retrograde lymphangitis); filarial abscess due to often suffer from swollen lymph nodes, it can burst and release pus and blood; enlargement of limbs, arms, breasts, testicles that look a little flushed and feels hot (early lymphodema). Klinisyang Gejal chronic persistent form of enlargement (elephantiasis) in the legs, arms, breasts, testicles (elephantiasis skroti).

Diagnosis of Filariasis
Clinical filariasis can be enforced, ie, if someone suspects filariasis in the signs and symptoms of acute or chronic; with finger blood tests done beginning at 20:00 pm local time, someone stated the filariasis patients, when the dosage was found in thick blood microfilariae. Prevention; is to try to avoid mosquito bites vector (to reduce contacts with the vector), for example by using mosquito nets while sleeping bull will, close the vents houses with mosquito netting, use insect repellent mosquito repellent spray or a baker, lubricate the skin with anti-mosquito drugs, or by way of eradicating mosquitoes, by cleaning the water plants in the marsh which is a breeding place of mosquitoes, hoarding, drain or drain stagnant water as breeding places of mosquitoes; clean up the bushes around the house.  

Filariasis Treatment
Conducted mass endemic didaeah using drugs Carbamazine Diethyl Citrate (DEC) combined with Albenzol once a year for 5-10 years, to prevent side reactions such as fever, given paracetamol; dose of medication for a drink is, DEC 6 mg / kg / body weight , Albenzol albenzol 400 mg (1 tablet); treatment is stopped eg when Mf rate had reached. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BeZhare: Medicinal Plants for Families

Medical Family Garden

Many herbs around us. The vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables. Furthermore, the shape of wild plants grown in any location without being noticed.
Why not use the factory?
Parks Family Medicine (robe) is very important for the family. Cultivation of medicinal plants in the garden, except for drug use, these plants can be placed either as garden ornaments. This is the home to stay fit in. You can take the drug and beautiful garden residents.

At present residents, who may be ill, with more options to find the money to spend to buy it was not easy. Pick any of plants yards and make it yor self. It gives the family of diseases. Hopefully the pain will recover quickly.
Traditional medicines derived from plants inexpensive easy to use, except for very low risk of chemical reactions. It is so effective because of the influence of chemical factors of drugs is a natural hard. The human body is relatively easy to accept the drug from the plant material in comparison with the chemical.
Terms treatment, including in 2000, the rapid growth of the real world environment. Medicine (Medicine) to find the most useful drug for many human lives. Discovery of modern medicine, led a memorable cheese and outdated traditional medicine. But actually seeing the discovery of modern medicine, supports the use of traditional medicine. Many modern medicines are made from medicinal plants. Its made memorable and modern laboratory tests only its compounding.
Lead back to changes in lifestyle of nature (of course) to ensure that natural things are not cheap or old to prove it. Learn more traditional medicine in modern medical world again as well. Medicinal plants in the study and scientific research. The results also show that medicinal plants contain substances that have proven health benefits to certain substances or clinically.
Ministry of Health is also the entire community is committed to the spread of gowns that used to be called the pharmacy and this life. The program is a form of medicinal plants and planting the garden. People outside of the yards have enough to use for the benefit of the robe of his family's health can be very dangerous. Most of the wonders of the population, the robe is a popular community well, but in. rural areas with large pages rather have a page but is a community of any city to grow medicinal plants.
The very presence will help rural robe. As we know, pharmacies, hospitals, doctors or do not exist, or exist in the village for most. So no, it is a mild disease penyembukan robe was taken to a hospital or primary care physician for patients critically ill patients, it is important that before.
Indonesia is a lot of medicinal plant species that grows well in the archipelago is very lucky. rich natural environment of Indonesia, prosperity around us can do many useful plants. Select a wide range of species planted. Here is how the garden and its use is appropriate to introduce some planting for the treatment of disease.
Seeking treatment in Indonesia to use this variety of plants are always ancestors left a valuable legacy. Heritage treatment method has been teaching for the older generations actually hereditary. In rural areas, this tradition is still largely preserved. However, urban communities generally forgotten. Apart from these plant species were planted in large cities, urban communities selected practical way is to go to the doctor when the disease generally have higher economic value.
The knowledge of medicinal plants, the tendency is to let this occur. Currently, children and grandchildren, as heir to continue to maintain this valuable than our generation? When you move, what are you waiting for? Let us cultivate a garden of medicinal plants in the family.
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BeZhare: Treatment Guidelines

Medical Sample

Ingredients from plants and traditional medicine has maintained for generations in general. A very simple process using substantially. But listen to things that are less than healthy, and some of the user that is undeniable. On the other hand, tools, materials, and the perpetrators must be clean. In addition, there are things that must be known in order to avoid so you do not want to use these medicinal plants.
Other measures of health, water period, the consumption, the equipment used, including plant material should be considered.
1. The plant material
The plant material used for the treatment of conditions must be fresh. If you use a dry condition of the material should be good. Dirt, moisture, mold, exposed to the use of material found in soil and eat insects, please be avoided.
We have used it before, it is recommended that the material was first washed with water until completely clean. In this section, the bacteria, so you can carry worms or eggs, you should wash the soil containing the roots of plants.
Intact plant material, roots, fruits, leaves, etc., or to store away from heat and direct sunlight to be consumed fresh, it should maintain its freshness. Material, or if you're ready, it would be good because it gets the same day, there is no need for storage.
Requirements, such as tablets and powder of the herbs, mix the dry ingredients are mixed with herbs and oils are not applied.

2. Two devices used
The major weakness of traditional medicine can not be lack of interest in the equipment used can not be denied. This should not be taken lightly. It is clean instruments used for the transmission of the disease if it is incorrect or appliances, books, dirt, or even eliminate the effect of the drug.
Spoon, cup, filter and bottle in boiling pot, used equipment should be cleaned or the first. If necessary, the device is immersed in boiling water or hot. After use, tools should be washed again. To be used again later for the same product, please do not assume there is no need to wash their tools properly. This means that once exposed to dust, burying the old soil can cause new problems, which. For example, lead and carry the bacteria and the remains of the equipment.
Please boiling water or steam Remonsutorena be cleaned. When the use clean cloth and use a filter fabric, new fabric that is important not used for any other purpose. Cloth before use, if used for other purposes after use, should be washed with fabric is a good feeling.
Boiling pot, the soil material, ceramic, or e-mail must be done. It may be boiled, aluminum, iron, or brass pot ingredients. Lead and tool to make the filter use is strictly prohibited. This is the generation of sediment, toxic substances, reducing the concentration of the drug solution is needed to avoid creating a chemical reaction and release substances that are in pots or side effects.
In addition, the cleanliness of the hands to distribute the equipment to clean the bodies should keep the room medicine.
3. Water
Healthy water is odorless, tasteless, colorless and transparent as water. The water and dirt that can not be used yellowish, odorless, not included.
The food and clean water to tell if the water used. However, herbs should be boiled if you clean the raw water used for the first time.
4. Duration of use
The traditional ingredients and press in general, what is created by cooking and eating raw. Boiled herb should be stored 24 days or hours. After this period, should be discarded if the filter is constructed memelukannya new again. If the filter is made from the juice without the boiling water should only be stored for 12 hours. For more information, can be mixed with bacteria and pollutants from the surrounding air around, than do not use it anymore.
It is usually prescribed drugs presented here are based on an examination of that period. However, the portion is more than the recommended time, unfortunately, if abandoned or simply because it is always to consider the use of this term is harmless. Remember that health is more important than the mere material.
5. Other medical care
Here, multiple sclerosis, and supports the use of traditional medicine as a medical practice, is not modern medicine is not ignored. If the disease is severe patients Tetep, mainly hospitals, clinics, doctors must communicate or local.
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BeZhare: Curran Wuluh

Curran Wuluh

A. Name
Scientific name: Averrhoa of bilimbi
The local name: limeng (Aceh)? Selemeng (Gayi)? Asom star fruit, balimbingan (Batak); (Nias) malimbi? Wuluh Blimbing (Java) for; Bhalingbing fur (Madura)? Blingbing Buloh (Bari); Calene (Bugis) and, malibi (Halmahera)
Foreign Name: bilimbi, cucumber tree (UK), kamias (Philippines)

B Physical Properties
Picture: a small tree.
Height: to reach 10 million.
Trunks: So rough surface, large, uneven.
Leaves: The leaves odd pinnately compound leaves consisting of 45-21 pairs of leaves.
Flowers: star-shaped, clustered, a small red-purple.
Fruits: Fruits are buni? Oval, square, lots of water, hanging from the base of the trunk or large branches concentrated Development; Very sour taste after a young dark green fruit, many species that parents had turned yellow there.
C. Origin
Tropical America
D. Democratic Party to develop
Above sea level (asl) is the area where the height and extends up to 500 feet above. Many places do you like direct sunlight, developed a very humid.
E. Escherichia coli multiplication
Wuluh may be reproduced plant seeds of fruits star. It may be a bit difficult penyetekan technology.
F. Chemical composition
Body: saponins, tannins, glycosides, calcium oxalate, sulfur, and formic acid.
Sheets: tannins, sulfur, formic acid, perokside.
G. The effectiveness of treatment
1> Bleeding gums
Wuluh eat star fruit is sweet and fresh on a daily basis.
2> Acne
Prepare fresh fruit wuluh three stars. Wash thoroughly. In addition, fruits and crushed salt. This herbal paste for acne skin. Performed twice a day. 
3> Hypertension
25 grams had been washed clean, star fruit and seed preparation wuluh srigading 3. Srigading milled seed. Cup boiling water 4 wuluh Please enter a container of fruit star. Share it cool before drinking. This medicine is a day drunk.
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