Maybe you'll be a little weird to hear the name of the BSD and not understand what it really is.Almost the same with Linux, BSD is a part of the unity of the OS (Operating System) on the computer.
To know more closely BSD itself is a good idea if you are interested can read the article below.
* Unix is a computer operating system, a basic software that runs on a computer, which connects the hardware with software applications such as word-processors, spreadsheets, and others.
- Basic scheme of a computer system:
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Unix was designed to be used simultaneously by many people (multi-user), and has a design TCP / IP built-in.Unix is an operating system first developed as a portable operating system, and more commonly used to support workstations and Internet servers. The first time was designed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, researchers AT & T Bell Laboratories in 1996, inspired by the design of Multics system developed by MIT.
Under the development of research institutions and students from various parts of the world, in a relatively short time Unix grown rapidly and become the main competitor of Microsoft Windows that has been dominating the server market and the computer's operating system. When this has been born tens of variants or "flavors" of Unix such as Sun Solaris, IBM AIX, Hewlett-Packard HP / UX, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and others. Such systems generally have been well tested so that it can be applied on the PC platform, Macintosh, Sun and even IBM mainframes.
- BSD Unix (BSD Unix) is the implementation of the Unix operating system (and its utilitinya) developed and distributed by the University of Californa at Berkeley. BSD Unix (Berkeley Software Distribution) is usually referred to as BSD Operating System.
Spelling BSD generally preceded by the version number of distribution; eg 4.3BSD, the Berkeley Unix distribution version 4.3. The portion of Darwin's BSD-based system for 4.4BSD Lite 2, while the portion of a FreeBSD system BSD to refer to 4.4BSD.
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| Sample BSD on PC |
/ * HISTORY * /
Around mid-1970, AT & T began memperkenalkaan and license new operating system called Unix. With little or no cost, people and organizations can obtain source code for the new system.
When the University of California at Berkeley received the source code of this (purchase price $ 400), co-creator of Unix, Ken Thompson, was a visit to one of the faculty. Through the help of consistent, researchers and students, especially Bill Joy (one of the founders of Sun Microsystems), trying to develop the Unix source code and gave birth to what is called the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
With funding support from DARPA (the U.S. defense department), the Berkeley Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) subsequently became an important part in the development of Unix in addition to Bell Labs. Along with Unix System V AT & T itself, BSD grown to become one of the two major flavors of Unix at the time.
In fact, the BSD Unix systems develop more innovative than Unix System V. He is more loved by the academic and research institutions rather than commercial enterprise.As time went, BSD Unix influence the development of Unix systems that exist today. Various basic Unix utilities, such as C-shell, vi, TCP / IP, and virtual memory, created the first time in release of BSD Unix. Sun Microsystems SunOS including a derivative of 4.2BSD, whereas the Unix System V release was written and again in the fourth (SVR4) to conform with BSD features. Thus, directly or indirectly, BSD Unix contributed greatly to the development of Unix today.
BSD is a modern version of 4.4BSD, released in 1993. Most BSD systems currently standard 4.4BSD-Lite.
- Among the many flavors of BSD Unix, there are three popular freeware system used, namely:
* FreeBSD
* NetBSD
* OpenBSD
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| FreeBSD Logo |
Around the year 1992 and 1993, Jordan K. Hubbard, Rod Grimes, and Nate Williams worked on the project and released a set 386BSD changes known as the "Unofficial 386BSD Patchkit."
Nursing patchkit perceived impasse so that a new mechanism is needed. Third author finally start a new project called "386BSD 0.5", therein contained various utility improvements (fixes) and other functions as appropriate a real operating system. Unfortunately not long after the project stalled.
David Greenman, who then worked in Walnut Creek, then propose a new operating system based on patchkit that already exist with the name of FreeBSD.
Soon after, Hubbard was contracted to prepare the Walnut Creek CDROM distribution channel. Walnut Creek to provide support by offering servers and high-bandwidth hardware had to develop it. The first CDROM of FreeBSD is version 1.0, released in December 1993.
FreeBSD 2.0 was released in November 1994. Furthermore, as the upgrade and improvement conducted continuously and significantly. FreeBSD has spawned today's releases are very stable and widely used by the world community. Yahoo, the largest Internet directory at this time, entrust millions of pages to be served by a system of FreeBSD, as well as organizations and other major vendors.
Based on the narrative Hubbard, FreeBSD Project main goal is to provide software that can be used for various purposes.
Perhaps what is interesting from the technical side of FreeBSD is that simple. It is recognized that the FreeBSD installation program is included in Unix installation tool is the simplest among others. In addition, the system of third-party software that came with it (Port Collections) has been adopted by NetBSD and OpenBSD. These features provide a significant convenience for the user to add or remove applications as they wish. The user simply executes a command line and its applications to download, check its integrity, in-build, and installed automatically. System administration tasks to be very practical and easy.
Model development was almost similar to FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD, but have significant differences with Linux development. Model development of FreeBSD is managed professionally by hundreds of individual programmers who are called by Committers. Commiters authorized to make the changes needed to the FreeBSD official source at any time. Commiters team selection was decided by the FreeBSD Core Team, which is the board of directors FreeBSD.
FreeBSD development model aimed to create a product that is stable and easy to use. As one of the reliable Unix system for the x86 platform, FreeBSD must maintain compatibility programs as possible in the system.
- NetBSD
When Jolitz and other colleagues in the project focusing 386BSD, they encounter obstacles in the process and therefore began to develop a parallel effort. Colleagues at Virginia Tech next began to porting BSD to the Macintosh. Business continues to be developed into other architectures such as the Atari ST, Amiga, and various PC platforms.
The focus of the development of the NetBSD operating system is trying to provide a stable, multiplatform, and research-oriented. In January 2001, the portability of NetBSD is rumored to have reached 33 Platform.
More amazing, NetBSD supports a myriad of hardware and modern and traditional equipment, including equipment Intel-based PCs, Compaq's Alpha, or Sun Microsystems SPARC architecture. Old server and workstation class hardware like the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX, Apple Macintosh computer-based Motorola 68000 processors are also supported.
Dedication NetBSD for portability has led the other operating systems. At the time of the FreeBSD group began to make its system ported to the Alpha platform, work on NetBSD project be based. Similarly, Linux has taken advantage of the experience of NetBSD. Special boot-loader utility used NetBSD for Macintosh computers modified in such a way 68 000 series and became a boot-loader Penguin used to launch Linux-machines.
Finally, NetBSD is another great contribution as a 'stepping stone' on the birth of the OpenBSD operating system.
The NetBSD Project aspires to the operating system gave birth to a reliable world-class research. Therefore, NetBSD portability to different hardware is very open, schools and research institutions to realize the real research through the tools they are available.
Other major projects developed by the KAME NetBSD. KAME help introduce IPv6, IPsec (for both IPv4 and IPv6), and increases the TCP / IP in general in the Unix world.
NetBSD is an intelligent system. Comes with a full complement of Unix tools, and many sites use NetBSD as DNS servers or their network servers, mainly because of extensive portability to different hardware and equipment.
- OpenBSD
In the early 1990's, Theo de Raadt has the overall responsibility of SPARC in NetBSD and ported to other sections. However, due to a misunderstanding between Theo and the NetBSD core team associated with the development of NetBSD, Theo resigned and subsequent release of OpenBSD.
OpenBSD is a bit 'deviate' from around the release of NetBSD NetBSD 1.1 in November 1995. The first release came a year later OpenBSD, OpenBSD 2.0 was released the next October 1996.
If NetBSD is unique with a broad portability, OpenBSD focuses on system reliability and security. 'Charm' OpenBSD, which reads "Secure-by-default" has produced products of the most perfect operating system today. OpenBSD claims that three years without exploitation allows remote root system administrators can sleep through the night.
Take advantage of houses in Canada, mission de Raadt is not constrained by American law, where the application of strong cryptographic algorithms (strong cryptography) is very possible, such as RSA, Blowfish, and a number of other algorithms. Moreover, the modified version is now used Blowfish algorithm to encrypt user passwords.
OpenBSD developers do not just stop there, one other contribution from their hard work is OpenSSH, a multiplatform clone the most popular protocol in order to realize secure communications.
Another feature of OpenBSD is a rigorous auditing coding, careful, and neat. It is all to ensure the safety systems that can be trusted. Started since 1996, the OpenBSD team analyzed line-by-line on the overall construction of the operating system by seeking opportunities for a variety of security holes and potential bugs.
Unix systems are quite disturbed by what is called a fixed-sized buffers. Besides not familiar to the programmer, they also mengaeah on the birth of a security hole, like what terjaadi the fingerd exploit in 4.2BSD.
Seriousness in security surveillance causes OpenBSD team often find weaknesses relating to security in various other operating systems or applications, third-party, including the systems FreeBSD, NetBSD, or anything else.
Most security is realized with continuous auditing code and OpenBSD does not tolerate any open network ports in its default installation. If a site requires access to the finger protocol, lpd, or other protocols, they must first be activated. Typically, the protocols must be switched off when not in use, and installation of OpenBSD consider it carefully.
OpenBSD includes a portable operating system. Maybe it was influenced by the characteristics of NetBSD as 'lineage'. OpenBSD is quite stable in dozens of architectures, including Intel-based PC platforms, Motorola 68k-based Macintosh, and others. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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